Prey survival by predator intimidation: an experimental study of peacock butterfly defence against blue tits
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
Deimatic Display in the European Swallowtail Butterfly as a Secondary Defence against Attacks from Great Tits
BACKGROUND Many animals reduce the risk of being attacked by a predator through crypsis, masquerade or, alternatively, by advertising unprofitability by means of aposematic signalling. Behavioural attributes in prey employed after discovery, however, signify the importance of also having an effective secondary defence if a predator uncovers, or is immune to, the prey's primary defence. In butte...
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The origin and the evolutionary stability of cooperation between unrelated individuals is one of the key problems of evolutionary biology. In this paper, a cooperative defence game against a predator is introduced which is based on Hamilton's selfish herd theory and Eshel's survival game models. Cooperation is altruistic in the sense that the individual, which is not the target of the predator,...
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One may find out the application of mathematics in the areas of ecology, biology, environmental sciences etc. Mathematics is particulary used in the problem of predator-prey known as lotka-Volterra predator-prey equations. Indeed, differential equations is employed very much in many areas of other sciences. However, most of natural problems involve some unknown functions...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
سال: 2005
ISSN: 0962-8452,1471-2954
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2004.3034